Both inflammation and oxidative stress are believed to function as primary degenerative mechanisms in the development and progression of osteoarthritis (see info under Oxidative Stress Analysis , Essential and Metabolic Fatty Acids, and Cardiovascular Assessment). Amino acids, which serve as the body's building blocks for protein, can impact both of these
processes.

Three amino acids are critical to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory functions: cysteine, glutathione, and taurine. Cysteine influences the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH), which is thought to play an important role in the inflammatory response by
influencing the production of phagocytes.

Taurine acts as a specific scavenger for the hypochlorite ion, a free radical, and adequate levels naturally limit the degree of inflammation.2 When taurine is low, the inflammatory response is enhanced, commonly resulting in oxidative stress reactions.

Other amino acid imbalances may also impact the etiology of osteoarthritis--particularly methionine metabolism. Normally, B12 and folate are necessary for the body to metabolize homocysteine to methionine, the essential amino acid the body needs to produce S-adenosylmethionine. Numerous clinical trials have shown that S-adenosylmethionine can greatly reduce degenerative damage and symptoms of osteoarthritis in some patients, including related depression. 1-5 Supplementation with folate has also been shown to produce positive clinical results.6

Along with S-adenosylmethionine, glucosamine has also been cited for its clinical ability to promote production of cartilage tissue and improve many symptoms of osteoarthritis.7 The body depends on glutamine as a metabolic source for the production of glucosamine.

Imbalances of amino acids may also signal key deficiencies of vitamins and minerals integral to the musculoskeletal system. Experimental studies show that impaired cartilage structure can be induced by a vitamin B6 deficiency.8 Vitamin B6 triggers the transformation of the amino acid homocysteine to cystathionine and then to cysteine and its urinary metabolites.

The Amino Acids Analysis provides a precise measurement of over 40 analytes in plasma or urine. Test results come with report commentary, Interpretive Guidelines, and Interpretation-At-A-Glance for a clear and accurate assessment of each patient's unique nutritional needs.

References
1 Bradley JD, Flusser D, Katz BP, Schumacher HR Jr, Brandt KD, Chambers MA, Zonay LJ. A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of intravenous loading with S-adenosyltmethionine (SAM) followed by oral SAM therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 1994;21(5):905-11.
2 Barcelo HA, Wiemeyer JC, Sagasta CL, Macias M, Barreira JC. Experimental osteoarthritis and its course when treated with S-adenosyl-L-methionine. [Spanish} Rev Clin Esp 1990;187(20:74-78.
3 Konig B. A long-term (two years) clinical trial with S-adenosylmethionine for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Am J Med 1987;83(5A):89-94.
4 Baldessarini RJ. Neuropharmacology of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Am J Med 1987;83(5A):95-103.
5 di Padova C. S-adenosylmethionine in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Review of the clinical studies. Am J Med 1987;83(5A):60-5.
6 Flynn MA, Irvin W, Krause G. The effect of folate and cobalamin on osteoarthritic hands. J Am Coll Nutr 1994;13(4):351-6.
7 McCarty MF. The neglect of glucosamine as a treatment for osteoarthritis--a personal perspective. Med Hypotheses 1994;42(5):323-7.
8 Masse PG, Ziv I, Cole DE, Mahuren JD, Donovan SM, Yamauchi M, Howell DS. A cartilage matrix deficiency experimentally induced by vitamin B6 deficiency. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1998;217(1):97-103.

All lab tests can be done through the mail in the privacy of your own home, except blood tests, we send you to a lab to have your blood drawn for these. After you pay for the test we mail you the kit, the results take two weeks, the test results will be mailed to us and we will call you to go over the results, its that easy! All tests include the consultation for the report of findings.

Click on area of interest on the right for more information.

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